Pacatus, Drepanius (4th century) was a teacher of rhetoric active in Gaul.
Ort25.8, 193.65.
Pacheco, Don Franciscus (?) from Sevilla, Spain wrote "Catalogus archiepiscoporum Hispalensium cum elegantissimis elogiis".
Ort28.20, 28.36.
Paciecus, Franciscus see Pacheco.
Palencia, Fernandez Diego de see Fernandez Diego de Palencia.
Palladius, Andreas (1518-1580) was an architect from Vicenza, Italy who wrote about architecture and about old monuments in Rome.
Ort129.17.
Pamfili (died in 1560) from Rome wrote "Observationes".
Pamphilus, Franciscus (?) wrote about the antiquities of Ancona (Ort137).
On Marcha Anconæ: Ort137.18.
Pandulphus Collenutius see Collenutius Pandulphus.
Panegyricus (third century A.D.) is not an author, but a collection of speeches and orations in Latin by various rhetoricians in honour of the emperors of this time, chiefly Maximian, Constantius, Constantine I and II, Julian and Theodosius. The collection also contains Plinius’ panegyric, on which the later speeches were modelled. One of these is the "Oration to Constantine the Great (Ort192).
Ort192.13, 192.71;
Oration to Constantine the Great: Ort192.19.
Panormitanus, Anthonie (1394-1471) or Antonio Beccadelli of Italy founded an academy in Naples. He is best known for his work "Hermaphroditus" (1425).
Ort12.22.
Panthaleon Candidus see Candidus Panthaleon.
Panthaleon, Heinrich (1522-1595) was a professor of physics in Basel, Switzerland, and a pupil and friend of Münster. He is known through his work "Prosopographia heroum et illustrium virorum Germaniæ" (Ort56,57) which appeared in Basel in 1565, also in German, listing short biographies of important men. He also wrote "Beschreibung der uralten Stadt und Grafschaft Baden, sambt ihren heilsamen Wildbädern in Ergöw gelegen", published in Basel in 1578. He also wrote on the order of the Johannites with maps of the Mediterranean.
Prosopographia Bk.1: Ort56.7, 57.8
Papirius (?) wrote "Thebais (Ort224).
Thebais: Ort224.38.
Papius, Andreas (16th century) wrote "In varias Dionysii lectiones notæ", Antwerp 1575 and "De consonantiis" 1581.
Ort199.11, 200.11.
Paracelsus (1493-1541) collected much geographical and scientific knowledge during his extensive travels, which he recorded in his works "De natura rerum" and "die Bäder von Pfeffers". He also seems to have written a Chronicle on Carinthia (Ort143,145).
Chronicle on Carinthia: Ort143.3, 143.6, 145.23.
Paradinus, Guillaume (1510-1590) from France wrote various historical works: "De antiquo statu Burgundiæ" Lyon 1542, "Memoriæ nostri temporis" Lyon 1548, "Les Annales de Bourgogne" Lyon 1566, "Mémoires de l’histoire de Lyon" Lyon 1573. Ortelius mentions a "City Book" (Ort52) and "History of Savoy" (Ort128).
Ort16.5k, 16.14, 16.18, 48.4, 48.4c, 48.4g, 49.2, 49.3, 49.6, 49.17, 51.9, 54.6, 54.9;
Description of Savoy: Ort128.9;
City Book: 52.10.
Paris Matthieu see Matthieu Paris.
Parisius, Prosper (abt. 1540-1592 or later) was an archaeologist and numismatist who made maps of the Kingdom of Naples and Calabria which was used by Ortelius (Ort140b).
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Calabriæ map as its maker, Ort140b. Further in map text:
Ort210.15.
Parker (16th century) was an Archbishop in London. In 1571 he published the "Historia Maior" of Matthieu Paris (1195-1259), a Benedict monk in the monastery of St. Alban, England.
Patavinus, F. Desiderius Lignamineus (?).
Ort217.26.
Paterculus Velleius see Velleius Paterculus.
Paucer, Gaspar (early 16th century) was a physician and pupil of Paracelsus.
Ort93.11.
Paulinus, Saint (354-431), Bishop of Nola, was born in Bordeaux as the son of a Roman prefect residing in Gaul. He became governor of Nola, Italy, and was converted to Christianity and became a monk and later a bishop. He is quoted by Ausonius (Ort189) and wrote"Return of Nicetas" (Ort212), Nicetas being another saint.
Ort209.17;
Return of Nicetas: Ort212.4;
Quoted by Ausonius: Ort189.2.
Paulus Æmilius (dies in 1529) was born in Verona, Italy, and in 1499 obtained the order from King Louis XII to write a history about the French monarchy ("Annales") but he died before he could finish this work. It appeared in installements in 1516, 1519 and 1539 in Paris.
Paulus Diaconus (Warnefried) (abt. 721- abt. 799) was a Longobardian poet, scholar and monk, prime source on Longobardians and adviser to Charles the Great. He wrote "Historia Longobardia" (Ort123,203,204,205), published in 1515 in Augsburg, Germany by Peutinger.
Ort128.6, 161.9, 210.12, 214.31;
Ch.1: Ort199.13, 200.13, 213.5;
On Lombardy Bk.2 Ch.8: Ort203.18, Bk.2 Ch.21: Ort204.10, 205.10, Bk.5 Ch.36: Ort123.4.
Paulus, Saint (abt. 1 A.D.- after 58 A.D.), apostle of the gentiles, is mainly known through his letters which are contained in the New Testament. He undertook a number of missionary journeys to Antochia, Efese, Milete, Antioch, Ephesus, Miletus, Athens, Corinth, Thessaloniki, Philippi and Rome. See also text of Ort181, devoted to these travels.
Ort147.10, 147.29, 216.17;
Letter to Titus, quoting Epimenides Ch.1 verse 9: Ort217.6; Letter to the Romans Ch.15 verse 28: Ort193.5;
Letter to the Hebræans: Ort182.14.
Pausanias (2nd century A.D.) wrote a travel itinerary for Greece, published by Romulus Amaseus as "Pausaniæ, Græciæ descriptio, græce et latine, cum Romuli Amasei versione", in Florence, 1551. A further edition was published by Xylander and von Sylburg in 1583. This work is also known as "Arcadia" or "Achaia"(?) (Ort193,199,200,215,217,222,223,224). This work contains an important historical and topographical description of Greece, which is particularly valuable for its observations on artistic momuments. Their accuracy is confirmed by existing remains. Parts of this work are called "Phocica" (Ort196,217,223,224,231) and "Eliaca" (Ort222). He cites Belgius (Ort198).
Ort141.8, 146.14, 182.27, 183.27, 183.33, 189.24, 190.34, 192.8, 196.38, 196.85, 211.9, 211.14, 214.9, 214.26, 214.36, 215.9, 216.20, 216.36, 216.39, 216.43, 217.5, 217.15, 218.20, 222.14, 222.26-28, 222.30, 222.31, 222.36, 222.39, 222.44, 222.49, 223.4, 223.8, 224.5, 224.8, 224.21, 224.22, 224.39, 226.7, 226.81, 226.95, 231.24;
Arcadia: Ort193.54, 199.36, 200.36, 215.10, 217.31, 222.45, 223.8, 224.28;
Phocicam: Ort196.52, 196.72, 217.10, 223.9, 224.35, 231.16;
Eliaca: Ort222.24;
Citing Bolgius: Ort197.7, 198.7.
Pedius Jo Thetingerus (?) seems to have written a Commentary on the region of Würtemberg (Ort113). No further details are available.
History of Württemberg: Ort113.2, 113.12.
Pedro Alvaradus see Alvaradus, Petrus.
Pedro Antonio Beuter see Beuter Pedro Antonio.
Pedro Cieza de Léon see Cieza Pedro de Léon.
Pedro Medina Hispalensis see Medina Pedro.
Peregrinus Priscianus see Priscianus Peregrinus.
Pererius Benedictus of Valencia (16th century) wrote a "Genesis" (Ort178,179) published in Leiden.
Genesis: Ort178.8, 179.8.
Peres (16th century) was one of the Jesuits who wrote epistles, notably about Japan (Ort175). See also Jesuits.
Asiatic Epistles: Ort175.24.
Persius, Flaccus Aulus (34-62 A.D.) was a Latin satyrical poet from Etruria. He took no part in public life, died young and left only a small amount of literary work: six satires, modelled on Lucilius and a prologue.
Ort199.49, 200.49, 209.18.
Persona, Christopher (Roman times) was translated by Procopius. No further details available.
Ort209.23.
Peter Hispalensis see Medina, Pedro.
Petrus, Henricus (?).
Ort58.8.
Petrarca, Francesco (1304-1374) the famous Italian humanist wrote "Epistolæ familiares", containing comments on his age and his own life, "De rebus memorandis", anecdotal biographical portraits of figures drawns from antiquity, a book for pilgrims called "Itinerarium Syracium", and "De remediis utriusque fortunæ" on moral philosophy.
Petrarchus, Franciscus (15th century), "the Christian Seneca" wrote "Psalms" and a "Sacred Journal" (Ort125).
Ort47.2, 47.10, 47.11, 213.9;
Sacred Journal: Ort125.10.
Petronius Gaius Arbiter (died 65 A.D.) was a teacher of rhetoric and author of "Satyricon"who wrote to Gyrton (Ort196). He commited suicide for political reasons.
Ort196.11, 232.22;
Writing to Gyrton: Ort196.39.
Petrus Ægidius see Ægidius Petrus.
Petrus Alvaradus see Alvaradus, Petrus.
Petrus Appianus see Appianus Petrus.
Petrus Bembus see Bembus, Petrus.
Petrus Ciecus Legionensis see Legionensis Petrus Ciecus.
Petrus Gillius see Gilles, Pierre.
Petrus Olivarius see Olivarius Petrus.
Petrus Quinqueranus see Quiqueran.
Petrus Suffridus (1527-1597) from Friesland was a German philologist who wrote "De Frisiorum antiquitate et origine libri III" (Ort80) which appeared in Cologne in 1590 and 1598. He commented on Georgius Fabricius’ History of Misnia (Ort131).
Ort81.9;
About the Frisians: Ort80.25.
Comments on George Fabricius' History of Misnia: Ort131.19, 131.21.
Petrus Ranzanus see Ranzanus Petrus.
Peucer, Caspar (1525-1602) wrote various geographical works, as "Libellus de dimensione terræ" Frankfurt 1554, "Elementa doctrinæ de circulis cœlestibus et primo motu" Wittemberg 1551, 1553, 1587, and the poem "Idylium, Patria, seu Historia Lusatiæ superioris" Bautzen Germany 1594.
Ort192.57.
Peutinger, Chunrades (1465-1547) published a poem in 1507, written by Guntherus Ligurinis (12th century) called "Ligurinus sive de gestis Frederici I libri X", a description of the battles which Frederick Barbarossa fought with the Milan people whom he calls Ligures. This poem was discovered in a monastery by C. Celtis who gave it to K. Peutinger. In 1531 an edition appeared by J. Spiegel in Strassbourg. Otto von Freising published a new edition of this work in 1569 in Basel, Switzerland, which also includes a biography of Friedrich I. He wrote "Sermones convivales de mirandis Germaniæ antiquitatibus" which was published in Augsburg, Germany in 1501. Peutinger also published a longobardian history by Paulus Diaconus in Augsburg in 1515. Peutinger is mentioned in the cartouche of the Peutinger maps as the person who brought these maps to light (Ort227-230).
Ort56.7, 57.8, 230.5, 230.7, 230.10, 230.12.
Peutingerus see Peutinger.
Phaër, Thomas (16th century) studied law and medecine at Oxford, and translated Virgilius and many other Latin works into English. He also wrote "The Book of Children". His knowledge of healing was more impressive than his command of Latin and English. He may have translated the map texts for the 1606 English edition of the Theatrum.
Ort209.3, 216.33.
Phalariss (6th century A.D.) wrote "Letters".
Ort193.50.
Pharax (4th century B.C.) was a Carthagenian general who was victorious against the Romans in a battle near Syracuse, Sicily.
Ort226.10.
Pherecides (fifth century B.C.) of Leros and Athens, Greece, wrote a mythological history in ten books which began with a theogony and then gave an account of of the heroic age and of the great families of that time whose descendants were contemporaries of the author. Only fragments survive.
Ort31.2.
Pherecydes see Pherecides.
Philargyrus, Iunius (3rd-2nd century B.C.) was a Roman writer, and contemporary to the poet Ennius. He quotes Aufridius Modestus (Ort212) which is unlikely to be correct.
Ort193.14;
Quoting Aufidius Modestus: Ort212.11.
Philastrius (1348-1428) was a French cardinal, canonist, humanist and geographer who later became Cardinal of St. Marco. He contributed to a Latin edition of Ptolemy’s Geography. He wrote "Heresies" (Ort218).
Heresies: Ort218.29.
Philemon (mythical) was an old man, married to Baucis, in a story told by Ovidius in his "Metamorphoses". Philemon and Baucis entertained Hermes and Zeus, who were in disguise, as hospitably as their poverty allowed, after the gods had been repulsed by the rich. For this, Philemon and Baucis were saved from a deluge that overwhelmed the land where they lived, and their dwelling was transformed into a temple, of which they were made the first priest and priestess. They were also granted the request to die at the same time, and were turned into trees whose boughs intertwined.
Ort189.20.
Philenus (Roman times) was a historian. No further details available.
Ort210.24.
Philip the Second (1527-1598), son of Charles the Fifth, Monarch of Spain etc., granted the title of Royal Cartographer to Ortelius, together with a golden chain and a large sum of money in 1574. The Escorial map (Ort233) in the cartouche contains a dedication to him.
Philistides (4th century B.C.) was a Greek philosopher who opposed the ideas of Plato.
Ort31.2.
Philo, Iudæus (c. 30 B.C-45 A.D.) was a member of a prosperous Jewish family in Alexandria, Egypt, who took part in an embassy sent to Rome to seek exemption for the Jews from the obligation to worship the Emperor, at that time Caligula. He was the most important Hellenistic Jew of his age, and a prolific author of philosophical and exegetical writings. Among many other things, he wrote "Abour Circumcision" (Ort221), "On Husbandry" (Ort221) and "De Vita Contemplativa" (Ort221).
Ort226.97.
Ort221.33, 221.42, 226.97;
About Circumcision: Ort221.23;
On Husbandry: Ort221.26;
De Vita Comtemplativa: Ort221.28.
Philonides (2nd century B.C.) was an Epicurean philosopher from Laodicea, Syria, of hwose writings only fragments have survived. He is quoted by Athenæus (Ort224).
Quoted by Athenæus: Ort224.48.
Philostephanus (3rd century B.C.) of Cyrenæus wrote about religious matters after having moved to Alexandria, Egypt. He also wrote "On the Cities of Asia".
Ort226.10.
Philostratus Lemnius the elder (third century A.D.) wrote "Images" (Ort216) also called "Icones" (Ort226) containing descriptions of pictures in a collection in Naples.
Ort31.9, 193.42, 193.65, 221.27, 221.32, 222.4, 222.26-28, 224.25, 224.46, 226.32, 226.95, 231.22, 232.2, 232.3, 232.24;
Images Bk.2: Ort216.17; also: Icones: Ort226.12, 226.97;
Phlegon Trallianus (1st century A.D.) was a Roman writer who wrote "Mirabilia".
Ort203.38.
Phrygius, Dares (mythical) is the supposed author of a history of the Trojan war. He is mentioned by Homer in his Iliad as a priest of Troy. During the Middle Ages, he was regarded as the author of "De excidio Troiæ Historia", a very popular story on the Trojan war.
Ort224.14, 224.28.
Pianero, Ioannes Vicentio (died in 1571) from Quinzano near Brescia, Italy was a physician who served Emperor Maximilian II. Next to works on medicine, he also wrote about his native town "Descriptio Quintani oppidi".
Ort123.2, 123.10.
Piccolomini, Æneas Sylvius see Æneas Sylvius.
Piccolomini, Alexander (1508-1578) from Venice wrote "De sphæra mundi" (Venice, 1540), "Compendium de stellis fixis" about celestial maps (1547), and "De magnitudine terræ et aquæ", published by Stupanus (Venice 1558).
Pictor, Quintus Fabius (254-201 B.C.) was the first Roman annalist, describing the history of Rome from Æneas to the second Punic war. He wrote in Greek.
Ort129.16.
Pierus (3rd century A.D.) from Alexandria was an ecclesiastical writer who also may have written "Hieroglyphs".
Hieroglyphs: Ort221.45.
Pietro Bembo see Bembus, Petrus.
Pietro Bizarro see Bizarro Pietro.
Pigafetta, Marcus Antonius (early 16th century) accompanied Magellan as a cosmographer has given us a vivid account of this first trip around the world in his itinerary "Viaggio attorno il mondo" published by Ramusio.
Ort12.8, 164.20, 164.21.
Pigafetta, Philippus (1533-1604) from Italy corresponded with Ortelius and sent him a description of the Congo with ten images, two of which were maps. The Congo map was not made by Pigafetta but compiled from sources provided by Duarte Lopez. Pigafetta is also mentioned in the dedication given in the cartouche of the Bologna map, Ort124. After Ortelius’ death Pigafetta persuaded Vrients to publish an Italian version of the Theatrum . Pigafetta provided the Italian translation for this edition which was published in 1608 and with an adapted title page in 1612.
Ort8.15, 177.24, 177.2;
Bk.2: Ort177.30.
Pighius Stephanus Vinandus (1520-1604) was in Italy for 8 years, also as the companion of Prince Karl Friedrich of Cleve. He wrote down his observations in "Hercules Prodicius" (Ort99,111,112,123), Antwerp 1587. His "Annales urbis Romæ" appeared in 1599 (first volume) and 1615 (the entire work).
Ort107.4, 108.4;
Comments on Hercules Prodicius: Ort99.13, 99.20, 111.6, 112.6, 123.4, 123.9.
Pigna (?) Ferrara map
: Book 3 Ort133.8
Pinadelli, Ioannes (1560-1632) from Treviso, Italy where he was a philosopher and Council member, designed a map of Treviso which Ortelius used in his Theatrum from 1595 onwards, and wrote a description of Treviso which had not yet appeared in Ortelius’ time (Ort122).
Mentioned in the cartouche of the half sheet Tarvisini map as its maker, Ort122b; further in the maps text:
Ort131.17;
Description of Treviso: Ort122.14 (which has not yet appeared).
Pinandelli see Pinadelli.
Pincianus, Nunnius see Guzman.
Pincius Janus Pyrrhus (late 15th century) from Mantua, Italy about whom we know next to nothing wrote "Dissertatio de Timavi fluvio" as also "Historia de episcopis urbis Tridentinæ, gestis ducum Tridentinorum origine urbis et appellatione Alpium et de confinibus Italiæ" consisting of 12 books (Ort116).
History of Trent Bk.1-12: Ort116.5.
Pindarus (518 - 446 B.C.) was a Greek lyrical poet, born in Boeotia, Greece, famous for his Epinician (victory) Odes, written in honour of the victord at the four great panhellenic games. These Odes are accordingly grouped as Olympian, Pythian, Nemean and Isthmian Odes. He also wrote epic mythical narratives.
Ort8.7, 211.10, 226.5, 226.7, 226.10, 226.38, 226.40, 226.49, 226.54, 226.71, 226.79, 226.86, 226.93, 226.96.
Pinetus, Antonius see Dupinet.
Pingonicus see Pingonius.
Pingonius, Em. Philibert (1525-1582) from Torino Italy wrote a work about this city called "Augusta Taurinorum" Torino 1577 and a genealogical work "Arbor gentilicia Saxoniæ Sabaudiæque principum" Torino 1581, the last work resulting from his service to the Duke of Savoy.
Ort49.7.
Pintianus Ferdinandus see Guzman.
Pirckheimer, Bilibaldus (1470-1530) published an edition of Ptolemæus. He also translated Lucianus’ treatise on recording history and Xenophon’s "Hellenica" into Latin. He advanced geographical knowledge about Germany in his "Germaniæ ex variis scriptoribus perbrevis explicatio" which was published posthumously.
Ort44.2, 45.2, 56.7, 57.8.
Pirckheimerus see Pirckheimer.
Pisander (mythical figure) was a legendary figure in the Trojan war, referred to by Homer.
Ort226.2.
Pithœus, Petrus (1539-1596) was a French philologist and advocate who wrote "Adversaria" quoting Marcellinus’ "History" (Ort196) and "Journal" (Ort232).
Ort194.7;
Adversaria Bk.3 quoting Ammianus Marcellinus History, Bk.16: Ort196.105, 196.106;
Journal: Ort232.22.
Pius II, Pope of Rome, see Æneas Sylvius.
Pius IV (1499-1565), a Pope from Milan, one of the greatest Popes of the counter-reformation.
Ort15.15.
Placentius Joh. Leo (16th century) was a Dominican clergyman who wrote on biblical matters but who also produced a history on the Bisdom of Leodiensis and Maastricht.
Ort63.6.
Plaisant see Placentius.
Planche, Adam de la (16th century) corresponded with Ortelius in 1595 about Parergon maps, notably the Isle de France map and Navigatio Æneæ (Hessels nr. 279).
Plantin (16th-17th century) was a printing and publishing house in Antwerp, Belgium, established by Christopher Plantin (1520-1589) which published most of Ortelius’ Theatrum editions. Now a museum.
Ort193.5.
Plancius, Petrus (1552-1622) made a map of France, engraved by the van Deutecums, and published by Vrients in 1592. That map is closely followed on the Ort36 plate (cf. Meurer p. 215).
Mentioned in the cartouche as the designer of the map of France Ort36.
Platina, Bartolomeo de Sacchi (1421-1481) from Italy was librarian at the Vatican. He wrote "Liber de Vita christi ac de vitis Pontificum Romanorum" Venice 1479, <a history of Popes>, "De obsoniis ac de honesta voluptate et valetudine" a book about food and drink, and "Life of Hadrianus the First" (Ort210).
Ort131.9, 132.12;
Life of Hadrianus the First: Ort210.22.
Plato (427-347 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher, founder of philosophical idealism and one of the greates Greek prose writers. He was a pupil of Socrates and founded a school near the grove of the hero Academus from which is derived the name subsequently used for this school of Platonic philosophy, the Academy. He wrote philosophical dialogues, among which "Timæus" (Ort12), Phædrus (Ort222). His longest work was "Laws" (Ort217) which was only published after his death.
Ort9.2, 9.55, 10.2, 11.2, 11.54-55, 189.5, 193.20, 217.7, 218.30;
Timæus: 12.11;
Phædrus: Ort222.15;
Laws: Ort217.6.
Plautus (about 200 B.C.) was a Roman comedy write who among others wrote the comedy "Querulus" (Ort194). He is cited by Isidorus (Ort196).
Ort134.13, 193.57, 210.3;
Comedy Querulus: Ort194.20;
Cited by Isidorus: Ort196.80.
Plinius, Caius also Gaius Secundus and Plinius Maior (23-79 AD) was considered a great authority in the Renaissance. His "Historia Naturalis" <natural history> (occurring on almost every map text in Ortelius’ atlas, see specific references below) of which the second Book deals with Astronomy and Earth science, and Books 3-6 with Geography, were published and commented on by Ermolao Barbaro as "Castigationes Plinaniæ", by Camers (Vienna 1514), by Guilandinus, a physician from Königsberg, Germany (Venice, 1572), by Hiernonymus Verrutius, a Frisian lawyer, by the French Dupinet (Lyon, 1542) and Dalèchamps, and by the Spanish philologist Guzman or Nunnius Pincianus (Ort211), Salamanca, Spain 1544, Antwerp, Belgium 1547, and Frankfurt, Germany 1569. This work is the fruit of an inexhaustible curiosity and the only full work by Plinius extant. As he says in the preface, no Greek by himself has compiled an encyclopedia of the whole of nature, and no Roman had done so by himself or with others. By his own account, the 37 books contained 20,000 facts compiled from over 100 sources (the index in fact lists 34,707 observations from 473 different authors). These include such curiosities as the skeleton of the monster to which Andromeda was first exposed, exhibited at Rome, the tricks elephants were taught, the perils to which sponge divers were exposed, and the introduction of the first barbers to Italy. The first printing of this book in Venice in 1469 marked the first appearance of any scientific text in print.
Varro is quoted by Plinius (Ort118), Gellius quotes Plinius (Ort196). Further (the book?) Caninius (Ort129), and "Carnis" (about meat?) (Ort 143). Plinius quoted Isogonus (Ort212), Diodorus (Ort217), Diogenetus (Ort222) and Diocades (Ort217) and Plinius is quoted by Cæcilius (Ort199,200) as having written 20 volumes of "History of Germany" which Ortelius unfortunately cannot find a copy of. Ortelius also complains that Plinius’ placenames contain too many spelling variants.
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Valentiæ map, Ort29 & Ort30
Mentioned on mapsheet Ort163; mentioned 3 times on mapsheet Ort191;In text: Ort1.72, 2.72, 4.2, 5.2, 9.54, 10.2, 11.54, 12.2, 12.14, 19.10d, 19.45-l, 28.3, 28.13, 28.32, 29.2, 29.3, 29.6, 32.2, 32.5, 32.10, 37.11, 38.2, 38.6, 39.2, 47.2, 47.9, 49.9, 56.2, 57.2, 65.3, 66.3, 80.13, 80.28, 80.34, 84.9, 114.4, 119.6, 121.12, 121.15, 122.14, 123.2, 123.16, 127.2, 128.4, 128.13, 129.4, 129.6, 129.7, 129.10, 129.14c, 129.24, 131.2, 132.11, 134.7, 134.11, 134.15, 136.9, 137.5, 137.6, 137.8, 137.25, 137.41, 140.4, 140.7, 141.2, 141.4, 142.2, 142.4, 142.8, 142.9, 142.10, 142.18, 142.19, 142.24, 144.2, 144.13, 145.2, 145.10, 147.2, 147.5, 147.25, 147.27, 148.6, 148.13, 149.12, 156.6, 157.2, 157.6, 159.8, 161.28, 166.2, 166.3, 166.8, 172.6, 174.5a, 174.18, 175.3, 182.24, 182.27, 189.6, 189.12, 189.19, 189.20, 189.25, 189.26, 190.6-8, 190.10, 190.17, 190.21, 190.28, 190.30-32, 190.40, 190.42, 190.44, 190.45, 190.52, 190.54, 190.58, 190.62, 191.2, 191.4, 191.8, 191.9, 191.12, 192.2, 192.4, 192.5, 192.6, 192.14-16, 192.18, 192.19, 192.26, 192.27, 192.30, 192.34, 192.38, 192.53, 192.57, 192.59, 192.62, 192.66-68, 192.71, 193.3, 193.11, 193.18, 193.21, 193.27, 193.29, 193.47, 193.49, 193.50, 193.54, 193.56, 193.59, 193.61, 193.65, 193.69, 193.72, 194.5, 194.20, 194.24, 194.25, 194.30, 194.31, 194.34, 196.3, 196.4, 196.8, 196.11, 196.13, 196.14, 196.17-19, 196.21, 196.22, 196.24, 196.29, 196.33, 196.41, 196.69, 196.80-82, 196.84, 196.85, 196.89, 196.92, 196.95, 196.115, 196.116, 199.17, 199.20-22, 199.27, 199.29-36, 199.45, 199.47, 199.52, 199.56, 199.57, 199.67, 200.17, 200.20-22, 200.27, 200.29-36, 200.45, 200.47, 200.52, 200.56, 200.57, 200.67, 203.11, 203.19, 203.27, 203.28, 203.30, 203.37, 204.2, 204.10, 204.11, 205.2, 205.10, 205.11, 206.7, 206.9, 207.2, 207.5, 207.11, 207.12, 207.14, 208.2, 208.5, 208.11, 208.12, 208.14, 209.8, 209.11, 209.13, 209.17, 209.22, 209.23, 209.25, 210.3, 210.10, 210.12, 210.13, 210.19, 210.20, 210.23 211.2, 211.9, 211.13, 211.14, 212.2, 212.5, 212.7, 212.10, 212.14, 212.28, 213.2, 213.5, 213.8, 213.10, 213.12, 213.15, 213.17, 214.2, 214.5-7, 214.16, 215.2, 215.4, 215.9, 216.2, 216.5-7, 216.9-11, 216.14-17, 216.21, 216.22, 216.25, 216.29, 216.30, 216.32, 216.33, 216.36-39, 216.45, 217.4, 217.7, 217.13, 217.30, 218.3-5, 218.12, 218.14, 218.24, 219.7, 219.9, 219.13, 219.14, 219.16, 219.18, 220 Plinius is mentioned on the mapsheet a number of times, 220.2, 221.8, 221.13, 221.17, 221.18 (Ortelius complains here about too many spelling variants in Plinius placenames), 221.21, 221.32, 221.33, 222.4, 222.9, 222.20, 222.21, 222.28, 222.47, 224.5, 224.13, 224.22, 224.25, 224.33, 224.42, 224.43, 224.45, 224.46, 226.3, 226.5, 226.7, 231.4-6, 231.15, 231.17, 232.24;
History of Nature: Ort143.11, 151.2, 193.66, 204.8, 204.9, 205.8, 205.9, 216.2;
Bk.1, Ch.1: Ort210.21, Bk.2-6: Ort1.4, 1.8, 2.8, Bk.2, ch.103: Ort29.2, Bk.2 Ch.107: Ort136.10, Bk.3 Ch.1: Ort193.4, Bk.3 Ch.2: Ort186.13, Bk.3 Ch.3: Ort29.2, 30.3, 30.8, Bk.3 Ch.5 Ort117.28, 118.28, 204.9, 205.9, 210.2, Bk.3 Ch.5 and Bk.3, Ch.8 quoting Pintianus: Ort211.7, Bk.3, Ch.9 & Bk.4, Ch.15 Ort37.15, Bk.4 Ch.12: Ort213.6, Bk.5: Ort222.25, Bk.5 Ch.1 Ort224.57, 224.58, Bk.5 Ch.3: Ort80.21, Bk.5 Ch.21: Ort232.28; Bk.6 Ch.13: Ort224.46; Bk.6 Ch.22: Ort224.47; Bk.6, ch.22 & Bk.13, ch.25: Ort12.10, Bk.6, ch.27: Ort167.3, Bk.6 Ch.31: Ort224.58, Bk.7 Ch.15: Ort182.37, 183.24, Bk.9 Ch.17: Ort196.28, 196.29, Bk.10 Ch.22: Ort197.20, 198.20, Bk.11: Ort1.5, 2.5, 3.4, 3.5, Bk.12 Ch.1: Ort197.20, 198.20, Bk.13 Ch.14: Ort193.35, Bk.13 Ch.25: Ort224.47, Bk.14 Ch.22: Ort193.19, Bk.15 Ch.14: Ort197.20, 198.20, Bk.15 Ch.25: Ort197.20, 198.20, Bk.16, Ch1. Ort82.2, 82.5, 82.7, 83.2, 83.5, 83.7, Ch.36: Ort197.19, 198.19, Bk.17, Ch.5: Ort58.5, 58.40, Ch.8: Ort197.21, 198.21, Bk.18 Ch.16: Ort224.58, Bk.19 Ch.5: Ort197.21, 198.21, Bk.24 Ch.7: Ort196.102, Bk.24 Ch.11: Ort210.14, Bk.26 Ch.22: Ort197.19, 198.19, Bk.28 Ch.2: Ort196.107, Bk.29 Ch.3: Ort194.26-28, Bk.34, ch.14: Ort31.2, 31.27, 31.29, Bk.35 Ch.11: Ort226.11, Bk.36: Ort222.26;
Plinius quoted by Varro: Ort117.26, 118.26, 193.12;
Plinius citing Varro: Ort196.24;
Caninius Bk.2: Ort129.13;
Quoting Isogonus 212.24;
About meat: Ort143.4;
Cited by Gellius: Ort196.91;
Quoting Diodorus: Ort217.18;
Quoting Diocades: Ort217.7;
Quoting Diogenetus 222.2;
Basing himself on Augustus: Ort209.2;
As reported by Cæcilius: Twenty Volumes written by Plinius on Germany, which are not in Ortelius' library: Ort200.65.
Plinius Cælius see Cælius, Plinius.
Plinius Clupea, also: Clypea (?).
Bk.9 Ch.15: Ort165.8.
Plinius Minor see Cælius, Plinius.
Plutarchus (c. 46-c.125 A.D.) was a Greek biographer, historian and moral philosopher. He studied philosophy in Athens under the Platonist Ammonius, a man of practical as well as philosophical ability. All his biographical work is summarised under the umbrella title "Vitæ Parallellæ". He was a prolific writer who wrote, among other things, "On the (face of the) Moon", (Ort12,189,190,192,224), "Vitae illustrium virorum" including "Life of Theseus" (Ort186), "Life of Camillus" (Ort189,206,207,208), "Marius" (Ort189,199,200,212), "Life of Demetrius" (Ort191,192), "Life of Cato the Elder" (Ort224), "Life of Cæsar" (Ort197,198), "Life of Pericles" (Ort216), further "De defectu oraculorum" <= on the ceasing of oracles> (Ort191,192,217,222), "Æmilius" (Ort231), "De Montibus" <= About Mountains> (Ort221,222), "Moralia" (Ort224) a collection of all non-biographical works by Plutarchus, "Pyrrhus (Ort196), "Symposion" (Ort196), "Book of Virtues" (Ort196,213), "On fortitude of women" (Ort196,207,208), "On superstition" (Ort196), "Lesser Parallels" (Ort199,200), "Convivial. Quæst." (Ort199,200,207,208,211,221), "Greek Questions (Ort207,208,217), "Comparing living creatures" (Ort224), "Natural Questions" (Ort224), "Laconia Apothegmata" (Ort215), "Comparison between Animals" (Ort217), "Osiris" (Ort221,222), "Tranquillity of the Mind" (Ort224), "About Alexander" (Ort222) and "Tanais" (Ort213), "Treatise on famous women (Ort207,208) and "Flaminius" (Ort231). He quotes Sosthenes’ "History of Iberia" (Ort193) and Xenagoras (Ort231). He is quoted by Clemens Alexandrinus (Ort199,200).
Ort11.2, 85.12, 90.11, 132.11, 137.3, 189.27, 190.17, 190.53, 192.29, 196.14, 196.93, 199.60, 200.60, 207.7, 208.7, 209.18, 209.29, 209.30, 211.4, 212.18, 213.2, 214.3, 214.6, 214.15, 214.22, 215.9, 216.41, 217.4, 217.5, 217.29, 218.30, 221.33, 222.3, 222.17, 222.44, 232.28;
On the face of the Moon: Ort12.10, 189.6, 190.25, 190.65, 192.43, 224.48;
Life of Theseus: Ort186.25;
Life of Camillus: Ort189.27, 206.6, 207.11, 208.11;
Marius: Ort189.29, 199.12, 200.12;
Life of Demetrius: Ort191.12, 191.13, 192.76;
Life of Cato the Elder: Ort224.32;
Life of Cæsar: Ort197.17, 198.17;
Life of Pericles: Ort216.34;
Ceasing of Oracles: Ort191.13, 192.76, 217.32, 222.14;
Æmilius: Ort231.18;
De Montibus: Ort196.24, 221.15, 222.4;
Morals: Ort213.11, 224.30;
Pyrrhus: Ort196.50;
Symposion Bk.8: Ort196.75;
Book of Virtues: Ort196.76;
On Fortitude of Women: Ort196.103;
On Superstition: Ort196.113;
Lesser Parallels: Ort199.35, 200.35;
Convivial. Quæst.: Ort211.9;
Greek Questions: Ort207.13, 208.13, 217.28;
Bk.6: Ort199.51, 200.51, Bk.8: 207.9, 208.9, 221.15;
Comparing Living Creatures 224.36;
Natural Questions: Ort224.48;
Laconia Apothegmata: Ort215.7;
Comparison between Animals: Ort217.26;
Osiris: Ort221.3, 221.37, 222.15;
Tranquillity of Mind: Ort224.35;
Life of Alexander: Ort189.6, 222.3;
Tanais: Ort213.17, 213.18;
Treatise on famous women: Ort207.13, 208.13;
Flaminius: Ort231.27;
Quoting Sosthenos’ History of Iberia Bk.3: Ort193.5;
Quoting Xenagoras: Ort231.18;
Quoted by Clemens Alexandrinus: Ort199.60, 200.60.
Pograbius, Andreas (?) of Pilsen is mentioned in the cartouche as a corrector of the second Poland map, (Ort155).
Poldo Albenas, Jean (1512-1563), (not to be confused with De Poldo Albenas of Hameln, Germany) from Nîmes, France, wrote about his native city in "Discours historial de l’antique et illustré cité de Nismes" <= historical discourse of the antiquities of the illustrious city of Nimes> (Ort48), Lyon 1560.
Ort49.3, 49.12, 196.15;
Book on Nimes: Ort48.7.
Pollux, Ælius "the Grammarian" (second century A.D.) was a Greek scholar and rhetorician who wrote "De Manibus" (Ort211) and "Deipnosophistai" according to Ortelius, which is incorrect (Ort217). He is quoted by Eusthatius (Ort147).
Ort193.23, 193.55, 196.21, 196.68, 211.13, 214.15, 214.18;
De Manibus Bk.2: Ort211.9;
Deipnosophistai Bk.5: Ort217.5. <Note that this is a mistake: Deipnosophistai was written by Athenæus!>;
Quoted by Eusthatius: Ort147.22.
Polo, Marco (1254-1324) was a merchant of Venice who travelled to the Far East and wrote about his travels. His writings, particularly "Il Millione" (the book of a million wonders) were translated into various languages. A Latin version was published by Reineccius, Helmstad Germany, 1585, and a German version was published by Megister.
On mapsheet (twice) Ort163;
In text: Ort163.14-15.
Polyænus (abt. 200–118 B.C.) was a Greek historian of Rome’s rise to power who served on an embassy to Egypt, and who was kept prisoner in Rome for 16 year without accusation or trial. He is quoted by Heraclides (Ort216).
Ort196.103, 199.36, 199.60, 200.36, 200.60, 215.9, 222.4,
Bk.4: Ort231.16, Bk.5 as quoted by Heraclides: Ort216.18, Bk.7: Ort196.76, Bk.8: Ort196.67, 196.103, 212.18.
Polybius of Naucratis (c. 200 A.D.) wrote "Roman Histories" (Ort12, 196,206), also called "Civil Wars" (Ort117,118,167,217).
Ort31.29, 137.3, 189.7, 193.23, 193.24, 193.50, 196.45, 196.46, 196.49, 196.66, 196.67, 196.69, 196.70, 196.88, 196.90, 196.116, 204.10, 205.10, 206.5, 206.6, 207.2, 210.11, 213.6, 213.9, 213.20, 214.27, 216.18, 217.11, 218.7, 222.4, 226.7;
Bk.2: Ort204.9, 205.9, Bk.4: Ort212.29, 213.20, Bk.5 Ort216.6;
Roman Histories Bk.2: Ort206.10, Bk.8: Ort196.27, Bk.34, cited by Athenæus: Ort12.9, 196.27;
Civil Wars Bk.2: Ort117.33, 118.33, 196.38, Bk.5: Ort167.10, Bk.12: Ort217.18;
Quoted by Suidas: Ort196.68;
Quoting Philonides: Ort224.48;
Polycarpus (second century A.D.) also John of Salisbury or Polycrates belonged to the apostolic church fathers. He was a bishop in Smyrna who wrote "Polycraticon" (Ort 137).
Polycraticon Bk.6 Ch.17, Bk.8 Ch.24: Ort137.4.
Polycrates see Polycarpus.
Polydor Vergilius (1470-1555) from Urbino, Italy received the order from King Henry VII of England to write a history of England. The resulting work "Angliæ historiæ libri XXVII" which was published in Basel in 1534 and 1555 (Ort17,20) shows him to be a pupil of Blondus. His ethnographic and geographic observations on England are very accurate.
History of England : Ort17.10, 20.13, 21.25b, 21.25e, 22.24.
Polyhistor Solinus see Solinus Polyhistor.
Pompeius, Festus Sextus (late second century A.D.) was a Roman lexicographer whose surviving work "De Significatu verborum" <On the meaning of words> is in fact the lost glossary of Marcus Verrius Flaccus. Paulus Diaconus abridged Festus’ work.
Ort194.6.
Pompeius, Trogus (early first century A.D.) "the serious Historiographer" was a Roman historian who wrote a universal history in 40 books (Ort182,183,193,210) called "Historiæ Philippicæ" centered, as the name indicates, on the history of Macedonia under Philip II and probably based on Greek sources, e.g. Theopompus. We only have an epitome of this by Iustinus, which is nevertheless very valuable for the history of Macedonia and the Hellenistic kingdoms. Trogus is cited by Belgius (Ort197,198). A summary or epitome on Trogus was written by Iustinus (Ort183,197,198,210).
Ort123.3, 136.2, 142.17, 189.23, 193.4, 193.6, 193.7, 193.14, 193.15, 193.20, 193.22, 193.27, 193.34, 193.40, 193.41, 193.48, 193.50, 193.54, 193.59, 193.70, 196.48, 196.49, 196.51, 196.59, 196.90, 207.5, 207.12, 208.5, 208.12, 209.14, 210.2, 210.7-10, 210.12, 214.25, 218.25, 222.3, 222.6, 226.3, 226.5, 226.28;
Bk.8: Ort215.3, Bk.14: Ort211.12, Bk.15: Ort196.24, Bk.18: Ort223.12, Bk.27: Ort232.7, Bk.43: Ort47.4, 196.13;
Histories Bk.20: Ort210.4, Bk.36: Ort182.28, 183.28, Bk.44: Ort193.63;
Cited by Belgius: Ort197.7, 198.7;
Commented on by Iustinus: Ort183.33, 210.7, Bk.24: Ort197.7, 198.17.
Pomponius Mela, see Mela Pomponius.
Pomponius Sabinus see Sabinus Pomponius.
Pontanus, Joannes Jovius (1429-1503) from Naples served as a secretary, tutor and diplomat to the Aragone court and was the most important 15th century humanist of Naples. He wrote a history of the "Bellum neapolitanum", that is, the war fought between King Ferdinand (Alphonsus) and the Duke of Anjou, Johan of Calabria from 1460-1465 (Ort117,118,142).
Ort139.10;
Wars of Naples and Famous deeds of King Alphonsus, Bk.1: Ort117.33, 118.33, Bk.2 & 6: 142.4, 142.5, 142.11, 142.13, 142.23.
Ponticus Virunius (1467-1520) from Treviso, Italy published and commented on Sallustius’ "Bellum Iugurthinum". He also wrote histories on Italy and Britain.
Ort16.5k, 16.14.
Porcacchi, Thomas (1530-1585) from Tuscany, Italy, published and commented on Mela’s "De Situ Orbis" <about the situation of the world> and other classical authors such as Curtius, Dictys Cretensis and Darius Phrygius. He himself wrote "L’isole più famose del mondo descritte", <= description of the most famous islands of the world> (Ort1,2,3,147,149), Venice 1576. He seems to have published a world map in 1572 and a history of Como (Ort129).
Ort217.28, 224.2;
Islands of the World: Ort1.55, 2.55, 3.60, 147.23, 149.8; History of Como: Ort129.14.
Porcaccius see Porcacchi.
Pordenone Odorico see Odorico Pordenone.
Porebski is mentioned in the cartouche of the Oswieczensis map Ort158c as its maker.
Porphyrius (233-305), a neoplatonic philosopher wrote "De Abstinentia" <abstaining from eating meat> (Ort221), also called "De Sacrifijs" (Ort221).
Ort222.35;
De Abstinentia (from eating Meat) Bk.4: Ort221.27, 221.39;
De Sacrifijs: Ort221.38.
Porphyrogennetos, Constantinos (10th century A.D.) was Emperor of Byzantium. Porphyrogennetæ are those entitled to enter the purple-lined chamber in court, that is those entitled to rule.
Ort216.17.
Portantius (?) Livonia
Mentioned in the cartouche of the Livonia map, Ort158b as its maker.
Posidonius (135-50 B.C.) of Apamea in Syria was a historian, scientist and philosopher who spent most of his life at Rhodes and became head of the Stoic school there. His "History" is a continuation of that of Polybius. He is quoted by Athenæus (Ort196,203) and by Strabo (Ort212).
Ort224.14;
Mentioned in Athenæus: Ort196.35, 196.70, 196.86,
Quoted by Athenæus in his Deipnosophiston: Ort203.34;
Quoted by Strabo: Ort212.22.
Ort196.35.
Possevinus Antonius (1534-1611) from Mantua, Italy was a learned Jesuit who travelled to Poland, Russia and Sweden as a delegate of the Pope and became familiar with these countries. He wrote "Biblioteca selecta de ratione studiorum" (Ort164) Rome 1593, "Epistola de rebus Suecicis, Livonicis Moscovitiás, Polonicis, Transilvanicis" Mantua, Italy 1580, "Moscovia" Wilna, Lithuania 1586, Antwerp 1587, Cologne 1595 bound together with writings by Bronovius, Reichersdorf and Werner.
Library Volume 1, Bk.9 Ch.9: Ort164.22.
Possidonius see Posidonius.
Postellus, Guillaume Barentonius (1510-1581) studied Latin, Greek and Oriental langauges in Paris and was appointed as professor in mathematics and oriental languages at the Collège de France in 1539. He wrote "De originibus seu de hebraicæ linguæ et gentis antiquitate" (Paris 1538), "Les tres merveilleuses victoires des femmes du nouveau monde" (Paris 1553), "De universitate seu Cosmographia" (Ort170, Paris 1563), "De Etruria regionis originibus" Florence, Italy 1551, "Syriæ descriptio" (Paris, 1540), as well as numerous other works. He also designed a world map (Ort34,36). He corresponded with Ortelius from 1567 onwards, and provided Ortelius with a map of France (Ort35) of which very few copies are known.
Mentioned in the cartouche of the France map as the maker of this map Ort35
Ort1.45, 2.45, 3.48, 8.8, 10.27, 11.30, 130.13, 159.5, 178.7, 179.7, 193.8;
On Universality: Ort170.8;
World Map: Ort34.5, 34.6, 34.8, 36.17, 36.18, 36.20.
Prisæus, Joannes (6th century) was a church patriarch active at East-Roman synods.
Ort16.5k.
Priscianus Cæsariensis, also: Rhemnius (5th to 6th century A.D.) was a grammarian at Constantinople under Emperor Anastasius. He wrote in "Institutiones grammaticæ" in 18 books, rich in quotations from the classical Latin authors and also from earlier republican writers, and founded largely on the (Greek) grammatical works of Apollonius Dyscolus. It became famous in the Middle Ages. More than a thousand manuscripts of it are still in existence.
Ort29.3, 30.3, 199.5, 199.11, 199.34, 200.5, 200.11, 200.34, 209.15, 212.7, 223.14, 231.26.
Priscianus, Peregrinus (14th century) wrote a history of Ferrara, Italy in 9 books called "Historia Ferrariensis".
History of Ferrara in 9 books: Ort133.18
Procopius (500-562) of Caesarea wrote a report on the war between the Goths and the Vandals "De rebus Gothorum, Persarum ac Vandalorum" (Ort209,217,218,232) which was published by Beatus Rhenanus in Basel, Switzerland, in 1531. It is a prime source about the time of Justinianus. Also "De Ædificiis Imperatoris" <= About Imperial Buildings> (Ort212,214,216,218,222,231). His writings were also edited and published by Adamæus Theodorich, and commented upon by Petrus Divæus and by Iacobus Mesoburgus Meyer.
Ort47.5, 78.11, 125.8, 131.25, 161.5, 161.9, 161.11, 196.15, 213.3, 214.3, 214.26, 214.31, 218.21, 232.15;
History of the Goths, Persians and the Wandals Bk.1: Ort209.23, 209.24, Bk.2: Ort232.9, 232.26, Bk.3: Ort217.18, Bk.11: Ort218.25;
De Ædificiis Imperatoris Iustiniant.: Ort231.14, Bk.1: Ort214.32, 214.35, Bk.4: Ort212.20, 216.9, 216.12, Bk.6: Ort218.16, 222.18.
Prodicius, Hercules see Hercules Prodicius.
Prodicus, Hercules see Hercules Prodicius.
Propertius, Sextius Aurelius (47-15 B.C.) the Poet wrote "Elegiae".
Ort203.21, 209.15;
Bk.4: Ort186.25.
Prosper Aquitanus see Aquitanus Prosper.
Protagoras see Protagorides.
Protagorides (5th century B.C.) was a Greek sophist who wrote "Daphnian Plays" referred to by Athenæus (Ort232). Ortelius deplores that he cannot get hold of a copy (Ort232).
Daphnian plays, referred to by Athenæus: Ort232.27.
Prudentius Clemens Aurelius, "the Christian Poet"(348 – 405 or later A.D.) was a Christian Latin poet from Spain. Some of his hymns, composed in classical metre, are still sung. His best known work is "Psychomachia" (= battle for the soul), an allegory of the spiritual struggle in the human soul, set in epic form, and well known in the Middle Ages. He also wrote an address "To Symmachus" (Ort209).
Ort209.13, 209.14, 217.11, 221.33;
Bk.7: Ort222.38;
Address to Symmachus: Ort209.4.
Prüm, Regino of see Regino of Prüm.
Prusæus Dion see Dion Prusæus.
Pseudoberosus see Berosus.
Ptolemæus Alexandrinus Claudius, "the Prince of Geographers" (c. 100-180 A.D.) was the first cartographer to employ in his "Geographia"systematic listings by latitude and longitude, an achievement for which he had no successors for 1400 years. Most references below apply to his "Geographia" which appeared in the Renaissance in numerous editions, mostly referring to his "Geography". He also wrote "Quadripartite" (Ort189), i.e. the astrological work "Tetrabiblios" and "Almagest" (Ort192) and quotes Sotacus (Ort192).
Mentioned in cartouche of the Valentiæ map, Ort29 & Ort30
Ptolemæus is mentioned 4 times on the map sheet Ort190 and on mapsheet Ort191 no less than 22 times, mainly as providing a variant for a place name;Ort1.7, 2.4, 3.43, 8.3, 9.54, 10.2, 11.54, 12.2, 18.6, 18.11, 19.41y, 19.45m, 23.7, 29.2, 30.2, 31.2, 31.12, 36.10, 37.15, 38.2, 38.6, 40.2, 40.5, 42.4, 46.3, 49.9, 49.22, 56.2, 57.2, 69.7, 70.7, 71.7, 80.11, 80.15, 80.18, 80.27, 80.38, 82.2, 83.2, 84.9, 102.6, 103.6, 104.5, 105.2, 106.2, 107.2, 107.15, 108.2, 108.15, 110.6, 110.11, 114.2, 114.8, 117.3, 118.3, 127.2, 128.4, 137.5, 137.6, 137.8, 143.9, 144.5, 145.2, 156.2, 157.2, 157.21, 159.3, 159.7, 159.8, 161.7, 164.22, 172.6, 180.12, 181.3, 182.2, 183.33, 189.7, 189.10, 189.11, 190.12, 190.30, 190.47, 191.2-4, 191.9, 191.12, 192.4, 192.15, 192.21, 192.41, 192.51, 192.54, 192.58, 192.59, 192.62, 192.66, 192.67, 192.71, 192.74, 192.75, 193.17, 196.2, 196.4, 199.8, 199.11, 199.14, 199.15, 199.20, 199.24, 200.8, 200.11, 200.14, 200.15, 200.20, 200.24, 203.3, 203.5, 203.19, 203.21, 203.30, 206.4, 207.15, 208.15, 209.22, 210.11, 210.19, 212.5, 212.14, 212.18, 213.2, 213.5, 213.6, 214.2, 214.4, 214.5, 215.2, 216.45, 218.14, 219.7, 219.9, 219.12, 219.13, 220 mentioned on the mapsheet various times, 221.8, 221.13, 221.16, 221.17, 222.3, 224.42, 224.43, 224.47, 224.48, 224.52, 224.53, 224.59, 230.18, 233.5;
Geography: 190.34, 192.8;
Bk.2, Ch.9: Ort67.10, Bk.3, last Ch.& Bk.3, Ch.17: Ort181.18, Bk.5-7 & 12: Ort6.5, 7.7;
Quadripartite: Ort189.25, Bk.2: Ort199.39, 200.39;
Almagest: Ort190.33, 192.7;
Quoting Sotacus: Ort192.19.
Ptolemæus Claudius see Claudius Senensis Ptolemæus.
Pullman (late 16th century) published works by Claudianus Claudius in Antwerp, Belgium 1572.
Pyrrhus Ligorius see Ligorius Pyrrhus.
Pythagoras (born about 580 B.C.) was a Greek philosopher, religious teacher and mathematician who attached great significance to the number 4, which has more to do with number mysticism than with mathematics.
Ort12.10, 194.14, 196.98, 196.99, 210.11, 216.33, 224.55.
Pytheas (second half fourth century B.C.) was a Greek explorer who lived in Marseilles who, according to Strabo, Diodorus and Plinius made a courageous voyage up the west coast of Europe to Britain, Jutland, and the Orkneys and Shetlands. He is quoted by Strabo, and discussed by Diodorus Siculus (Ort161).
Quoted by Strabo: Ort161.11;
Discussed by Diodorus Siculus: Ort161.11.